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Dec 21, 2020
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Abstract
Smallholder agriculture of the Asian continent faces a significant challenge of declining soil productivity and an acute shortage of agricultural labor. Reduced tillage and crop residue mulch application is an integrated approach to preserving soil health and addressing the labor crisis to maintain farm sustainability. We undertook this study to evaluate the effect of strip planting and increased residue mulching on mustard and mungbean's productivity and profitability in northern Bangladesh during 2015 and 2016. Mustard cv. BARI Sharisha 14 and mungbean cv. BARI Mungbean 6 was grown following (i) Conventionally Tilled broadcasting method (CT) and (ii) Strip Planted line seeding (SP) with two levels of crop mulch (i) no-mulch and (ii) 50% mulch. The CT was done by a two-wheel tractor with four plowings and cross plowing followed by leveling. In SP, single tillage, seeding, fertigation, and field leveling were done simultaneously by a Versatile Multi-crop Planter machine. Results reveal that mechanized seeding of mustard and mungbean in SP with 50% residue mulching fetched 62% higher profit than broadcasted CT without residue through producing 24% higher seed yield. This practice reduced the land preparation costs by 68%, in association with reducing the labor and fuel requirements by 30%. Hence, it could be concluded that the mechanized seeding of mustard and mungbean with the retention of 50% of crop residue is profitable to the conventionally broadcasted seeding process.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Hossain, M. M., Begum, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Strip planted mechanical seeding of mustard and mungbean with crop residue retention is more profitable than conventional practice. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 2(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.02.01.04
References
Al-Kaisi, M., & Licht, M. A. (2004). Effect of strip tillage on corn nitrogen uptake and residual soil nitrate accumulation compared with no-tillage and chisel plow. Agronomy Journal, 96(4), 1164–1171. CrossRef
Alam, M. K., Bell, R. W., & Biswas, W. K. (2019). Increases in soil sequestered carbon under conservation agriculture cropping decrease the estimated greenhouse gas emissions of wetland rice using life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 72–87. CrossRef
Brouder, S. M., & Gomez-Macpherson, H. (2014). The impact of conservation agriculture on smallholder agricultural yields: A scoping review of the evidence. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 187, 11–32. CrossRef
Colecchia, S. A., De Vita, P., & Rinaldi, M. (2015). Effects of tillage systems in durum wheat under rainfed mediterranean conditions. Cereal Research Communications, 43(4), 704–716. CrossRef
Dainavizadeh, P., & Mehranzadeh, M. (2013). Effect of seed rate on growth, yield components and yield of mungbean grown under irrigated conditions in the north of Khuzestan. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(20), 2359–2364. https://worldveg.tind.io/record/50360
Eshete, D. G., Sinshaw, B. G., & Legese, K. G. (2020). Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context. Water-Energy Nexus, 3, 143–154. CrossRef
Govaerts, B., Fuentes, M., Mezzalama, M., Nicol, J. M., Deckers, J., Etchevers, J. D., Figueroa-Sandoval, B., & Sayre, K. D. (2007). Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil and Tillage Research, 94(1), 209–219. CrossRef
Haque, E., Islam, A., Hossain, M., Bell, R., & Sayre, K. (2017). An innovative versatile multi-crop planter for crop establishment using two-wheel tractors. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 48(4), 33–37.
Haque, M. E., & Bell, R. W. (2019). Partially mechanized non-puddled rice establishment: on-farm performance and farmers' perceptions. Plant Production Science, 22(1), 23–45. CrossRef
Harrington, L., & Erenstein, O. (2005). Conservation agriculture and resource conserving technologies - A global perspective. In I. P. Abrol, R. K. Gupta, & R. K. Malik (Eds.), Conservation agriculture – status and prospects (1st ed., pp. 1–12).
Holland, J. M. (2004). The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: Reviewing the evidence. In Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (Vol. 103, Issue 1, pp. 1–25). Elsevier. CrossRef
Hossain, M., Sarker, M., & Haque, M. (2015). Status of conservation agriculture based tillage technology for crop production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(2), 235–248.
Huang, G. B., Qiang, C., Fu-Xue, F., & Ai-Zhong, Y. U. (2012). Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties, root growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Arid Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012(8), 1286–1296. CrossRef
Islam, A. K. M. S., Hossain, M. M., & Saleque, M. A. (2015). Effect of unpuddled transplanting on the growth and yield of dry season rice (Oryza sativa L.) in High Barind Tract. The Agriculturists, 12(2), 91–97. CrossRef
Johansen, C., Haque, M. E., Bell, R. W., Thierfelder, C., & Esdaile, R. J. (2012). Conservation agriculture for small holder rainfed farming: Opportunities and constraints of new mechanized seeding systems. Field Crops Research, 132, 18–32. CrossRef
Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., & Derpsch, R. (2019). Global spread of Conservation Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 76(1), 29–51. CrossRef
Liu, E. K., Zhao, B. Q., Mei, X. R., So, H. B., Li, J., & Li, X. Y. (2010). Effects of no-tillage management on soil biochemical characteristics in northern China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 148(2), 217–223. CrossRef
Miah, M. M., Afroz, S., Rashid, M., & Shiblee, S. (2015). Factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties of mustard cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(3), 363–379. CrossRef
Mvumi, C., Ndoro, O., & Manyiwo, S. A. (2017). Conservation agriculture, conservation farming and conventional tillage adoption, efficiency and economic benefits in semi-arid Zimbabwe. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(19), 1629–1638. CrossRef
Nhamo, N., & Lungu, O. N. (2017). Opportunities for smallholder farmers to benefit from conservation agricultural practices. In Smart technologies for sustainable smallholder agriculture: upscaling in developing countries (pp. 145–163). Elsevier Inc. CrossRef
Pittelkow, C. M., Liang, X., Linquist, B. A., Van Groenigen, L. J., Lee, J., Lundy, M. E., Van Gestel, N., Six, J., Venterea, R. T., & Van Kessel, C. (2015). Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517(7534), 365–368. CrossRef
Qi, Y., Huang, B., & Darilek, J. (2011). Impacts of agricultural land management on soil quality after 24 years: a case study in Zhangjiagang County, China. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Al-Kaisi, M., & Licht, M. A. (2004). Effect of strip tillage on corn nitrogen uptake and residual soil nitrate accumulation compared with no-tillage and chisel plow. Agronomy Journal, 96(4), 1164–1171.
CrossRef
Alam, M. K., Bell, R. W., & Biswas, W. K. (2019). Increases in soil sequestered carbon under conservation agriculture cropping decrease the estimated greenhouse gas emissions of wetland rice using life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 72–87. CrossRef
Brouder, S. M., & Gomez-Macpherson, H. (2014). The impact of conservation agriculture on smallholder agricultural yields: A scoping review of the evidence. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 187, 11–32. CrossRef
Colecchia, S. A., De Vita, P., & Rinaldi, M. (2015). Effects of tillage systems in durum wheat under rainfed mediterranean conditions. Cereal Research Communications, 43(4), 704–716. CrossRef
Dainavizadeh, P., & Mehranzadeh, M. (2013). Effect of seed rate on growth, yield components and yield of mungbean grown under irrigated conditions in the north of Khuzestan. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(20), 2359–2364. https://worldveg.tind.io/record/50360
Eshete, D. G., Sinshaw, B. G., & Legese, K. G. (2020). Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context. Water-Energy Nexus, 3, 143–154. CrossRef
Govaerts, B., Fuentes, M., Mezzalama, M., Nicol, J. M., Deckers, J., Etchevers, J. D., Figueroa-Sandoval, B., & Sayre, K. D. (2007). Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil and Tillage Research, 94(1), 209–219. CrossRef
Haque, E., Islam, A., Hossain, M., Bell, R., & Sayre, K. (2017). An innovative versatile multi-crop planter for crop establishment using two-wheel tractors. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 48(4), 33–37.
Haque, M. E., & Bell, R. W. (2019). Partially mechanized non-puddled rice establishment: on-farm performance and farmers' perceptions. Plant Production Science, 22(1), 23–45. CrossRef
Harrington, L., & Erenstein, O. (2005). Conservation agriculture and resource conserving technologies - A global perspective. In I. P. Abrol, R. K. Gupta, & R. K. Malik (Eds.), Conservation agriculture – status and prospects (1st ed., pp. 1–12).
Holland, J. M. (2004). The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: Reviewing the evidence. In Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (Vol. 103, Issue 1, pp. 1–25). Elsevier. CrossRef
Hossain, M., Sarker, M., & Haque, M. (2015). Status of conservation agriculture based tillage technology for crop production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(2), 235–248.
Huang, G. B., Qiang, C., Fu-Xue, F., & Ai-Zhong, Y. U. (2012). Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties, root growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Arid Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012(8), 1286–1296. CrossRef
Islam, A. K. M. S., Hossain, M. M., & Saleque, M. A. (2015). Effect of unpuddled transplanting on the growth and yield of dry season rice (Oryza sativa L.) in High Barind Tract. The Agriculturists, 12(2), 91–97. CrossRef
Johansen, C., Haque, M. E., Bell, R. W., Thierfelder, C., & Esdaile, R. J. (2012). Conservation agriculture for small holder rainfed farming: Opportunities and constraints of new mechanized seeding systems. Field Crops Research, 132, 18–32. CrossRef
Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., & Derpsch, R. (2019). Global spread of Conservation Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 76(1), 29–51. CrossRef
Liu, E. K., Zhao, B. Q., Mei, X. R., So, H. B., Li, J., & Li, X. Y. (2010). Effects of no-tillage management on soil biochemical characteristics in northern China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 148(2), 217–223. CrossRef
Miah, M. M., Afroz, S., Rashid, M., & Shiblee, S. (2015). Factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties of mustard cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(3), 363–379. CrossRef
Mvumi, C., Ndoro, O., & Manyiwo, S. A. (2017). Conservation agriculture, conservation farming and conventional tillage adoption, efficiency and economic benefits in semi-arid Zimbabwe. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(19), 1629–1638. CrossRef
Nhamo, N., & Lungu, O. N. (2017). Opportunities for smallholder farmers to benefit from conservation agricultural practices. In Smart technologies for sustainable smallholder agriculture: upscaling in developing countries (pp. 145–163). Elsevier Inc. CrossRef
Pittelkow, C. M., Liang, X., Linquist, B. A., Van Groenigen, L. J., Lee, J., Lundy, M. E., Van Gestel, N., Six, J., Venterea, R. T., & Van Kessel, C. (2015). Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517(7534), 365–368. CrossRef
Qi, Y., Huang, B., & Darilek, J. (2011). Impacts of agricultural land management on soil quality after 24 years: a case study in Zhangjiagang County, China. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 54(4), 261–273. CrossRef
Qin, S., He, X., Hu, C., Zhang, Y., & Dong, W. (2010). Responses of soil chemical and microbial indicators to conservational tillage versus traditional tillage in the North China Plain. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46(3–4), 243–247. CrossRef
Rahman, M. M., Zahan, T., Ali, M., Begum, M., & Bell, R. (2016). Effect of variety and seed rate on yield performance of mungbean under strip tillage system. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal, 19(1), 81–86. CrossRef
Sharma, P., Abrol, V., & Sharma, R. K. (2011). Impact of tillage and mulch management on economics, energy requirement and crop performance in maize-wheat rotation in rainfed subhumid inceptisols, India. European Journal of Agronomy, 34(1), 46–51. CrossRef
Shrivastav, N., Basnet, K. B., Amgain, L., Karki, T., & Khatri, N. (2015). Weed dynamics and productivity of spring maize under different tillage and weed management methods. Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 2, 18–22.
Wiatrak, P. J., Wright, D. L., & Marois, J. J. (2005). Agronomy and soils: Evaluation of strip tillage on weed control, plant morphology, and yield of glyphosate-resistant cotton. Journal of Cotton Science, 9(1), 10–14.
Zaman, R., & Islam, M. (2020). Performance of lentil as affected by reduced tillage and mechanical seeding. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 18(1), 51–60. CrossRef
Alam, M. K., Bell, R. W., & Biswas, W. K. (2019). Increases in soil sequestered carbon under conservation agriculture cropping decrease the estimated greenhouse gas emissions of wetland rice using life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 72–87. CrossRef
Brouder, S. M., & Gomez-Macpherson, H. (2014). The impact of conservation agriculture on smallholder agricultural yields: A scoping review of the evidence. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 187, 11–32. CrossRef
Colecchia, S. A., De Vita, P., & Rinaldi, M. (2015). Effects of tillage systems in durum wheat under rainfed mediterranean conditions. Cereal Research Communications, 43(4), 704–716. CrossRef
Dainavizadeh, P., & Mehranzadeh, M. (2013). Effect of seed rate on growth, yield components and yield of mungbean grown under irrigated conditions in the north of Khuzestan. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(20), 2359–2364. https://worldveg.tind.io/record/50360
Eshete, D. G., Sinshaw, B. G., & Legese, K. G. (2020). Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context. Water-Energy Nexus, 3, 143–154. CrossRef
Govaerts, B., Fuentes, M., Mezzalama, M., Nicol, J. M., Deckers, J., Etchevers, J. D., Figueroa-Sandoval, B., & Sayre, K. D. (2007). Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil and Tillage Research, 94(1), 209–219. CrossRef
Haque, E., Islam, A., Hossain, M., Bell, R., & Sayre, K. (2017). An innovative versatile multi-crop planter for crop establishment using two-wheel tractors. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 48(4), 33–37.
Haque, M. E., & Bell, R. W. (2019). Partially mechanized non-puddled rice establishment: on-farm performance and farmers' perceptions. Plant Production Science, 22(1), 23–45. CrossRef
Harrington, L., & Erenstein, O. (2005). Conservation agriculture and resource conserving technologies - A global perspective. In I. P. Abrol, R. K. Gupta, & R. K. Malik (Eds.), Conservation agriculture – status and prospects (1st ed., pp. 1–12).
Holland, J. M. (2004). The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: Reviewing the evidence. In Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (Vol. 103, Issue 1, pp. 1–25). Elsevier. CrossRef
Hossain, M., Sarker, M., & Haque, M. (2015). Status of conservation agriculture based tillage technology for crop production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(2), 235–248.
Huang, G. B., Qiang, C., Fu-Xue, F., & Ai-Zhong, Y. U. (2012). Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties, root growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Arid Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012(8), 1286–1296. CrossRef
Islam, A. K. M. S., Hossain, M. M., & Saleque, M. A. (2015). Effect of unpuddled transplanting on the growth and yield of dry season rice (Oryza sativa L.) in High Barind Tract. The Agriculturists, 12(2), 91–97. CrossRef
Johansen, C., Haque, M. E., Bell, R. W., Thierfelder, C., & Esdaile, R. J. (2012). Conservation agriculture for small holder rainfed farming: Opportunities and constraints of new mechanized seeding systems. Field Crops Research, 132, 18–32. CrossRef
Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., & Derpsch, R. (2019). Global spread of Conservation Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 76(1), 29–51. CrossRef
Liu, E. K., Zhao, B. Q., Mei, X. R., So, H. B., Li, J., & Li, X. Y. (2010). Effects of no-tillage management on soil biochemical characteristics in northern China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 148(2), 217–223. CrossRef
Miah, M. M., Afroz, S., Rashid, M., & Shiblee, S. (2015). Factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties of mustard cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(3), 363–379. CrossRef
Mvumi, C., Ndoro, O., & Manyiwo, S. A. (2017). Conservation agriculture, conservation farming and conventional tillage adoption, efficiency and economic benefits in semi-arid Zimbabwe. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(19), 1629–1638. CrossRef
Nhamo, N., & Lungu, O. N. (2017). Opportunities for smallholder farmers to benefit from conservation agricultural practices. In Smart technologies for sustainable smallholder agriculture: upscaling in developing countries (pp. 145–163). Elsevier Inc. CrossRef
Pittelkow, C. M., Liang, X., Linquist, B. A., Van Groenigen, L. J., Lee, J., Lundy, M. E., Van Gestel, N., Six, J., Venterea, R. T., & Van Kessel, C. (2015). Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517(7534), 365–368. CrossRef
Qi, Y., Huang, B., & Darilek, J. (2011). Impacts of agricultural land management on soil quality after 24 years: a case study in Zhangjiagang County, China. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Al-Kaisi, M., & Licht, M. A. (2004). Effect of strip tillage on corn nitrogen uptake and residual soil nitrate accumulation compared with no-tillage and chisel plow. Agronomy Journal, 96(4), 1164–1171.
CrossRef
Alam, M. K., Bell, R. W., & Biswas, W. K. (2019). Increases in soil sequestered carbon under conservation agriculture cropping decrease the estimated greenhouse gas emissions of wetland rice using life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 72–87. CrossRef
Brouder, S. M., & Gomez-Macpherson, H. (2014). The impact of conservation agriculture on smallholder agricultural yields: A scoping review of the evidence. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 187, 11–32. CrossRef
Colecchia, S. A., De Vita, P., & Rinaldi, M. (2015). Effects of tillage systems in durum wheat under rainfed mediterranean conditions. Cereal Research Communications, 43(4), 704–716. CrossRef
Dainavizadeh, P., & Mehranzadeh, M. (2013). Effect of seed rate on growth, yield components and yield of mungbean grown under irrigated conditions in the north of Khuzestan. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(20), 2359–2364. https://worldveg.tind.io/record/50360
Eshete, D. G., Sinshaw, B. G., & Legese, K. G. (2020). Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context. Water-Energy Nexus, 3, 143–154. CrossRef
Govaerts, B., Fuentes, M., Mezzalama, M., Nicol, J. M., Deckers, J., Etchevers, J. D., Figueroa-Sandoval, B., & Sayre, K. D. (2007). Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil and Tillage Research, 94(1), 209–219. CrossRef
Haque, E., Islam, A., Hossain, M., Bell, R., & Sayre, K. (2017). An innovative versatile multi-crop planter for crop establishment using two-wheel tractors. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 48(4), 33–37.
Haque, M. E., & Bell, R. W. (2019). Partially mechanized non-puddled rice establishment: on-farm performance and farmers' perceptions. Plant Production Science, 22(1), 23–45. CrossRef
Harrington, L., & Erenstein, O. (2005). Conservation agriculture and resource conserving technologies - A global perspective. In I. P. Abrol, R. K. Gupta, & R. K. Malik (Eds.), Conservation agriculture – status and prospects (1st ed., pp. 1–12).
Holland, J. M. (2004). The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: Reviewing the evidence. In Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (Vol. 103, Issue 1, pp. 1–25). Elsevier. CrossRef
Hossain, M., Sarker, M., & Haque, M. (2015). Status of conservation agriculture based tillage technology for crop production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(2), 235–248.
Huang, G. B., Qiang, C., Fu-Xue, F., & Ai-Zhong, Y. U. (2012). Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties, root growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Arid Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012(8), 1286–1296. CrossRef
Islam, A. K. M. S., Hossain, M. M., & Saleque, M. A. (2015). Effect of unpuddled transplanting on the growth and yield of dry season rice (Oryza sativa L.) in High Barind Tract. The Agriculturists, 12(2), 91–97. CrossRef
Johansen, C., Haque, M. E., Bell, R. W., Thierfelder, C., & Esdaile, R. J. (2012). Conservation agriculture for small holder rainfed farming: Opportunities and constraints of new mechanized seeding systems. Field Crops Research, 132, 18–32. CrossRef
Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., & Derpsch, R. (2019). Global spread of Conservation Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 76(1), 29–51. CrossRef
Liu, E. K., Zhao, B. Q., Mei, X. R., So, H. B., Li, J., & Li, X. Y. (2010). Effects of no-tillage management on soil biochemical characteristics in northern China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 148(2), 217–223. CrossRef
Miah, M. M., Afroz, S., Rashid, M., & Shiblee, S. (2015). Factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties of mustard cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 40(3), 363–379. CrossRef
Mvumi, C., Ndoro, O., & Manyiwo, S. A. (2017). Conservation agriculture, conservation farming and conventional tillage adoption, efficiency and economic benefits in semi-arid Zimbabwe. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(19), 1629–1638. CrossRef
Nhamo, N., & Lungu, O. N. (2017). Opportunities for smallholder farmers to benefit from conservation agricultural practices. In Smart technologies for sustainable smallholder agriculture: upscaling in developing countries (pp. 145–163). Elsevier Inc. CrossRef
Pittelkow, C. M., Liang, X., Linquist, B. A., Van Groenigen, L. J., Lee, J., Lundy, M. E., Van Gestel, N., Six, J., Venterea, R. T., & Van Kessel, C. (2015). Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517(7534), 365–368. CrossRef
Qi, Y., Huang, B., & Darilek, J. (2011). Impacts of agricultural land management on soil quality after 24 years: a case study in Zhangjiagang County, China. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 54(4), 261–273. CrossRef
Qin, S., He, X., Hu, C., Zhang, Y., & Dong, W. (2010). Responses of soil chemical and microbial indicators to conservational tillage versus traditional tillage in the North China Plain. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46(3–4), 243–247. CrossRef
Rahman, M. M., Zahan, T., Ali, M., Begum, M., & Bell, R. (2016). Effect of variety and seed rate on yield performance of mungbean under strip tillage system. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal, 19(1), 81–86. CrossRef
Sharma, P., Abrol, V., & Sharma, R. K. (2011). Impact of tillage and mulch management on economics, energy requirement and crop performance in maize-wheat rotation in rainfed subhumid inceptisols, India. European Journal of Agronomy, 34(1), 46–51. CrossRef
Shrivastav, N., Basnet, K. B., Amgain, L., Karki, T., & Khatri, N. (2015). Weed dynamics and productivity of spring maize under different tillage and weed management methods. Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 2, 18–22.
Wiatrak, P. J., Wright, D. L., & Marois, J. J. (2005). Agronomy and soils: Evaluation of strip tillage on weed control, plant morphology, and yield of glyphosate-resistant cotton. Journal of Cotton Science, 9(1), 10–14.
Zaman, R., & Islam, M. (2020). Performance of lentil as affected by reduced tillage and mechanical seeding. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 18(1), 51–60. CrossRef