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Feb 15, 2023
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Abstract
The present investigation aimed to assess endophytic bacteria's capacity to stimulate plant development. Eight endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from the root of Launaea arborescens (Batt.), native medicinal plant growing spontaneously in the region of Bechar (south-west Algeria). The eight strains were tested for their effects on seed germination and plant growth of Triticum aestivum L. The results showed that all strains had positive effects on wheat seeds germination. The seeds inoculation of wheat by endophytic bacteria improves morphological parameters of the seedling (fresh and dry weight of plant, root and stem elongation). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the powerful strain, it was found as Brevibacillus brevis. This one was found positive for many of the plant growth promoting attributes like ammonia production and azote fixing. In addition, it was identified as resistant to azithromycine during antibiotic sensitivity test and It could tolerate up to 0.9 M of NaCl. Additionally, Brevibacillus brevis was identified as resistant in the herbicide and the insecticide susceptibility test. Results suggest that this endophyte is a strong candidate for use as plant growth-promoting inoculants, to assist in lowering the amount of chemicals used in agricultural practices and enhance nutrient absorption and stress resistance in plant species.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Lakhdar, M., Abir, D., & Fatna, M. (2023). Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from Launaea arborescens (characterization and molecular identification). Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 4(1), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.04.01.08
References
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Aiter, N. (2015). Improvement of seed germination and growth of cultivated plants by bacteria initially endophytes of spontaneous species. (Unpublished doctoral thesis), University of Saad Dahlab, Blida, Algeria.
Alyexandra, A., Lorenza, M., Ilaria, F., Valentina, G., Riccardo, A., & Giovanni, A. (2020). Microbio-logical quality of ready-to-eat leafy green salads during shelf-life and home-refrigeration. Foods, 9(10), 1421. CrossRef
Amr, F., Ahmed, M.E, Albaraa, E., Ehab, F.E., Mohammed, G.B., Ehab, A., Adi,l A.G., & Saad El-Din, H. (2021). Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterial community inhabiting the leaves of Pulicaria in-cisa (Lam.) DC inherent to arid regions. Plants, 10, 76. CrossRef
Azevedo, J.L., Maccheroni, W., Pereira, J.O., & Araújo, W.L. (2000). Endophytic microorganisms: a re-view on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 3(1), 40-65. Direct Link.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4), 493-496. CrossRef
Bouras, F.Z. (2018). Isolation and characterization of lentil growth-stimulating microorganisms (Lens culinaris). (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Univer-sity of Djillali Liabes , Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.
Che, J., Liu, B., Lin, Y., Tang., W., & Tang, J. (2013). Draft genome sequence of biocontrol bacterium Brevi-bacillus brevis strain FJAT-0809-GLX. Genome An-nounc, 1(2), e00160-13. CrossRef
Chen, L., Li D., Shao, Y., Adni, J., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Comparative analysis of soil mi-crobiome profiles in the companion planting of white clover and orchard grass using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 1431. CrossRef
Corcoll, N., Yang, J., Backhaus, T., Zhang, X., & Eriksson, K.M. (2019). Copper affects composition and func-tioning of microbial communities in marine bio-films at environmentally relevant concentra-tions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 3248. CrossRef
Dalal, J., & Kulkarni, N. (2013). Population dynamics and diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril). Brit-ish Microbiology Research Journal, 3, 96−105. CrossRef
Ding, T., & Melcher, U. (2016). Influences of plant spe-cies, season and location on leaf endophytic bacte-rial communities of non-cultivated plants. PLoS One, 11, e0150895. CrossRef
Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blöcker, H., Emde, M., & Böttger, E.C. (1989). Isolation and direct complete nucleo-tide determination of entire genes. Characteriza-tion of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nu-cleic Acids Research, 17(19), 7843-53. CrossRef
Elvira-Recuenco, M., & Van Vuurde, J.W. (2000). Natural incidence of endophytic bacteria in pea cultivars under field conditions. Canadian Journal of Micro-biology, 46, 1036-1041. CrossRef
Ferreira, A., Quecine, M.C., Lacava, P.T., OdaS, Azevedo, J.L., & Araújo, W. (2008). Diversity of endophytic bacteria from Eucalyptus species seeds and colo-nization of seedlings by Pantoea agglomerans. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 287, 8−14. CrossRef
Garcia-Lemos, A.M., Großkinsky, D.K., Saleem, A.S., Nico-laisen, M.H., Roitsch, T., Nybroe, O., & Veierskov, B. (2020). Identification of root-associated bacteria that influence plant physiology, increase seed germination, or promote growth of the christmas tree species Abies nordmanniana. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 566613. CrossRef
Germida, J.J., Siciliano, S.D., Renato de Freitas, J., & Seib, A.M. (1998). Diversity of root-assocated bacteria associated with field-grown canola (Brassica na-pus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). FEMS Mi-crobiology Ecology, 26, 43-50. CrossRef
González-Rodríguez, V.E., Garrido, C., Cantoral, J.M., & Schumacher, J. (2016). The F-actin capping pro-tein is required for hyphal growth and full viru-lence but is dispensable for septum formation in Botrytis cinerea. Fungal Biology, 120, 1225–1235. CrossRef
Hassan, E., Somayeh, E., & Hossein, A. A. (2017). Potassi-um solubilizing bacteria (KSB): Mechanisms, pro-motion of plant growth, and future prospects - a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 17(4), 897-911. CrossRef
Hazarika, S.N., Saikia, K., Borah, A., & Thakur, D. (2021). Prospecting endophytic bacteria endowed with plant growth promoting potential isolated from Camellia sinensis. Frontiers in Microbiolo-gy, 12, 738058. CrossRef
Ivleva, N.B., Groat, J., Staub, J.M., & Stephens, M. (2016). Expression of active subunit of nitrogenase via in-tegration into plant organelle genome. PLoS One, 11, e0160951. CrossRef
Karthik, C., Oves, M., Thangabalu, R., Sharma, R., San-thosh, S., & Arulselvi, P.I. (2016). Cellulosimicro-bium funkei-like enhances the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris by modulating oxidative damage under Chromium (VI) toxicity. Journal of Advanced Research, 7, 839–850. CrossRef
Kerbab, S., Silini, A., Chenari Bouket, A., Cherif-Silini, H., Eshelli, M., El Houda Rabhi, N., & Belbahri, L. (2021). Mitigation of NaCl Stress in wheat by rhi-zosphere engineering using salt habitat adapted PGPR halotolerant bacteria. Applied Sciences, 11, 1034. CrossRef
Kumar, A., Singh, M., Singh, P.P., Singh, S.K., Singh, P.K., & Pandey, K.D. (2016). Isolation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their impact on growth and curcumin content in Curcuma longa L. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 8, 1–7. CrossRef
Kumar, A., Singh, R., Giri, D.D., Singh, P.K., & Pandey, K.D. (2014). Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum CL13 inoculation on growth and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). International jour-nal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3, 275–283. CrossRef
Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Pandey, K.D., & Roy, B.K. (2015). Isolation and characterization of bacterial endo-phytes from the roots of Cassia tora L. Annals of Microbiology, 65, 1391–1399. CrossRef
Larsson, D.G.J., & Flach, CF. (2022). Antibiotic resistance in the environment. Nature Reviews Microbiolo-gy, 20, 257–269. CrossRef
Liotti, R.G., da Silva Figueiredo, M.I., da Silva, G.F., de Mendonça, E.A.F., & Soares, M.A. (2018). Diversity of cultivable bacterial endophytes in Paullinia cupana and their potential for plant growth pro-motion and phytopathogen control. Microbiologi-cal Research, 207, 8–18. CrossRef
McKeen, C.D., Reilly, C.C., & Pusey, P.L. (1986). Produc-tion and partial characterization of antifungal sub-stances antagonistic to Monolinia fructicola from Bacillus subtilis. Phytopathology, 76, 136-139. CrossRef
Nehra, V., Baljeet, S.S., & Madhu, C. (2016). Evaluation of Brevibacillus brevis as a potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop. Springer Plus, 5, 948. CrossRef
Nongkhlaw, F.M., & Joshi, S.R. (2014). Epiphytic and en-dophytic bacteria that promote growth of ethno-medicinal plants in the subtropical forests of Me-ghalaya, India. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(4), 1295-308. CrossRef
Pacifico, D., Squartini, A., Crucitti, D., Barizza, E., Lo Schiavo, F., Muresu, R., Carimi F., & Zottini, M. (2019). The role of the endophytic microbiome in the grapevine response to environmental trig-gers. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1256. CrossRef
Rani, S, Kumar, P., Dahiya, P., Maheshwari, R ;, Dang ,A., S & Suneja, P. (2022). Endophytism: A multidimen-sional approach to plant–prokaryotic microbe in-teraction. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 861235. CrossRef
Rojas-Tapias, D., Moreno-Galván, A., Pardo-Díaz, S., Obando, M., Rivera, D., & Bonilla R. (2012). Effect of inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacte-ria (PGPB) on amelioration of saline stress in maize (Zea mays). Applied Soil Ecology, 61, 264– 272. CrossRef
Rovida, A.F.D.S., Costa, G., Santos, M.I., Silva, C.R., Freitas, P.N.N., Oliveira, E.P., Pileggi, S.A.V., Olchanheski, R.L., & Pileggi, M. (2021). Herbicides tolerance in a Pseudomonas strain is associated with metabolic plasticity of antioxidative enzymes regardless of selection. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 673211. CrossRef
Shahid, M., & SaghirKhan, M. (2022). Tolerance of pesti-cides and antibiotics among beneficial soil mi-crobes recovered from contaminated rhizosphere of edible crops. Current Research in Microbial Sci-ences, 3, 100091. CrossRef
Shahid, M., Hameed, S., Tariq, M., Zafar, M., Ali, A., & Ah-med, N. (2015). Characterization of mineral phos-phate-solubilizing bacteria for enhanced sunflow-er growth and yield-attributing traits. Annals of Microbiology, 65, 1525–1536. CrossRef
Shahid, M.S., Manoharadas, M., Altaf, M., & Alrefaei, A.F. (2021). Organochlorine pesticides negatively in-fluenced the cellular growth, morphostructure, cell viability, and biofilm-formation and phos-phate-solubilization activities of Enterobacter clo-acae strain EAM 35. ACS Omega, 6(8), 5548-5559. CrossRef
Singh, P., Kumar, V., & Agrawal, S. (2014). Evaluation of phytase producing bacteria for their plant growth promoting activities. International Journal of Mi-crobiology, 426483. CrossRef
Soad, A., Algam, X.G., & Jef, C. (2005). Delivery methods for introducing endophytic Bacillus into tomato and their effect on growth promotion and sup-pression of tomato wilt. Plant Pathology Journal, 4, 69-74. CrossRef
Sondang, Y., Siregar, R., & Anty, K. (2021). Identification of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the experimental field at Paya-kumbuh State Agriculture Polytechnic, West Su-matra, Indonesia. IOP Conferences Series: Envi-ronmental Earth Sciences, 883, 012085. CrossRef
Srivastava, N., Bhandari, V., & Bhatt, A.B. (2014). PGPR Isolated from rhizospheric soil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in Garhwal Himalaya. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2(1), 100-108. Direct Link.
Strassemeyer, J., Daehmlow, D., Dominic, A., Lorenz, S., & Golla, B. (2017). SYNOPS-WEB, an online tool for environmental risk assessment to evaluate pesti-cide strategies on field level. Crop Protection, 97, 28–44. CrossRef
Toghueo, R.M.K., Zabalgogeazcoa, I., Vázquez de Al-danab, B.R., & Boyoma, F.F. (2017). Enzymatic ac-tivity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants Terminalia catappa, Terminalia an-taly and Cananga odorata. South African Journal of Botany, 109, 146–53. CrossRef
Tripathi, V.C., Satish, S., Horam, S., Raj, S., Arockiaraj, J., Pasupuleti, M., & Dikshit, D.K. (2018). Natural products from polar organisms: structural diversi-ty, bioactivities and potential pharmaceutical ap-plications. Polar Science, 18, 147–166. CrossRef
Zhang, Q., Acuña, J.J., Inostroza, N.G., María Luz Mo-ra, Sergio Radic, Michael J. Sadowsky & Milko, A. (2019). Jorquera, endophytic bacterial communi-ties associated with roots and leaves of plants growing in chilean extreme environ-ments. Scientific Reports, 9, 4950. CrossRef.
Aiter, N. (2015). Improvement of seed germination and growth of cultivated plants by bacteria initially endophytes of spontaneous species. (Unpublished doctoral thesis), University of Saad Dahlab, Blida, Algeria.
Alyexandra, A., Lorenza, M., Ilaria, F., Valentina, G., Riccardo, A., & Giovanni, A. (2020). Microbio-logical quality of ready-to-eat leafy green salads during shelf-life and home-refrigeration. Foods, 9(10), 1421. CrossRef
Amr, F., Ahmed, M.E, Albaraa, E., Ehab, F.E., Mohammed, G.B., Ehab, A., Adi,l A.G., & Saad El-Din, H. (2021). Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterial community inhabiting the leaves of Pulicaria in-cisa (Lam.) DC inherent to arid regions. Plants, 10, 76. CrossRef
Azevedo, J.L., Maccheroni, W., Pereira, J.O., & Araújo, W.L. (2000). Endophytic microorganisms: a re-view on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 3(1), 40-65. Direct Link.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4), 493-496. CrossRef
Bouras, F.Z. (2018). Isolation and characterization of lentil growth-stimulating microorganisms (Lens culinaris). (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Univer-sity of Djillali Liabes , Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.
Che, J., Liu, B., Lin, Y., Tang., W., & Tang, J. (2013). Draft genome sequence of biocontrol bacterium Brevi-bacillus brevis strain FJAT-0809-GLX. Genome An-nounc, 1(2), e00160-13. CrossRef
Chen, L., Li D., Shao, Y., Adni, J., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Comparative analysis of soil mi-crobiome profiles in the companion planting of white clover and orchard grass using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 1431. CrossRef
Corcoll, N., Yang, J., Backhaus, T., Zhang, X., & Eriksson, K.M. (2019). Copper affects composition and func-tioning of microbial communities in marine bio-films at environmentally relevant concentra-tions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 3248. CrossRef
Dalal, J., & Kulkarni, N. (2013). Population dynamics and diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril). Brit-ish Microbiology Research Journal, 3, 96−105. CrossRef
Ding, T., & Melcher, U. (2016). Influences of plant spe-cies, season and location on leaf endophytic bacte-rial communities of non-cultivated plants. PLoS One, 11, e0150895. CrossRef
Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blöcker, H., Emde, M., & Böttger, E.C. (1989). Isolation and direct complete nucleo-tide determination of entire genes. Characteriza-tion of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nu-cleic Acids Research, 17(19), 7843-53. CrossRef
Elvira-Recuenco, M., & Van Vuurde, J.W. (2000). Natural incidence of endophytic bacteria in pea cultivars under field conditions. Canadian Journal of Micro-biology, 46, 1036-1041. CrossRef
Ferreira, A., Quecine, M.C., Lacava, P.T., OdaS, Azevedo, J.L., & Araújo, W. (2008). Diversity of endophytic bacteria from Eucalyptus species seeds and colo-nization of seedlings by Pantoea agglomerans. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 287, 8−14. CrossRef
Garcia-Lemos, A.M., Großkinsky, D.K., Saleem, A.S., Nico-laisen, M.H., Roitsch, T., Nybroe, O., & Veierskov, B. (2020). Identification of root-associated bacteria that influence plant physiology, increase seed germination, or promote growth of the christmas tree species Abies nordmanniana. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 566613. CrossRef
Germida, J.J., Siciliano, S.D., Renato de Freitas, J., & Seib, A.M. (1998). Diversity of root-assocated bacteria associated with field-grown canola (Brassica na-pus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). FEMS Mi-crobiology Ecology, 26, 43-50. CrossRef
González-Rodríguez, V.E., Garrido, C., Cantoral, J.M., & Schumacher, J. (2016). The F-actin capping pro-tein is required for hyphal growth and full viru-lence but is dispensable for septum formation in Botrytis cinerea. Fungal Biology, 120, 1225–1235. CrossRef
Hassan, E., Somayeh, E., & Hossein, A. A. (2017). Potassi-um solubilizing bacteria (KSB): Mechanisms, pro-motion of plant growth, and future prospects - a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 17(4), 897-911. CrossRef
Hazarika, S.N., Saikia, K., Borah, A., & Thakur, D. (2021). Prospecting endophytic bacteria endowed with plant growth promoting potential isolated from Camellia sinensis. Frontiers in Microbiolo-gy, 12, 738058. CrossRef
Ivleva, N.B., Groat, J., Staub, J.M., & Stephens, M. (2016). Expression of active subunit of nitrogenase via in-tegration into plant organelle genome. PLoS One, 11, e0160951. CrossRef
Karthik, C., Oves, M., Thangabalu, R., Sharma, R., San-thosh, S., & Arulselvi, P.I. (2016). Cellulosimicro-bium funkei-like enhances the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris by modulating oxidative damage under Chromium (VI) toxicity. Journal of Advanced Research, 7, 839–850. CrossRef
Kerbab, S., Silini, A., Chenari Bouket, A., Cherif-Silini, H., Eshelli, M., El Houda Rabhi, N., & Belbahri, L. (2021). Mitigation of NaCl Stress in wheat by rhi-zosphere engineering using salt habitat adapted PGPR halotolerant bacteria. Applied Sciences, 11, 1034. CrossRef
Kumar, A., Singh, M., Singh, P.P., Singh, S.K., Singh, P.K., & Pandey, K.D. (2016). Isolation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their impact on growth and curcumin content in Curcuma longa L. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 8, 1–7. CrossRef
Kumar, A., Singh, R., Giri, D.D., Singh, P.K., & Pandey, K.D. (2014). Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum CL13 inoculation on growth and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). International jour-nal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3, 275–283. CrossRef
Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Pandey, K.D., & Roy, B.K. (2015). Isolation and characterization of bacterial endo-phytes from the roots of Cassia tora L. Annals of Microbiology, 65, 1391–1399. CrossRef
Larsson, D.G.J., & Flach, CF. (2022). Antibiotic resistance in the environment. Nature Reviews Microbiolo-gy, 20, 257–269. CrossRef
Liotti, R.G., da Silva Figueiredo, M.I., da Silva, G.F., de Mendonça, E.A.F., & Soares, M.A. (2018). Diversity of cultivable bacterial endophytes in Paullinia cupana and their potential for plant growth pro-motion and phytopathogen control. Microbiologi-cal Research, 207, 8–18. CrossRef
McKeen, C.D., Reilly, C.C., & Pusey, P.L. (1986). Produc-tion and partial characterization of antifungal sub-stances antagonistic to Monolinia fructicola from Bacillus subtilis. Phytopathology, 76, 136-139. CrossRef
Nehra, V., Baljeet, S.S., & Madhu, C. (2016). Evaluation of Brevibacillus brevis as a potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop. Springer Plus, 5, 948. CrossRef
Nongkhlaw, F.M., & Joshi, S.R. (2014). Epiphytic and en-dophytic bacteria that promote growth of ethno-medicinal plants in the subtropical forests of Me-ghalaya, India. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(4), 1295-308. CrossRef
Pacifico, D., Squartini, A., Crucitti, D., Barizza, E., Lo Schiavo, F., Muresu, R., Carimi F., & Zottini, M. (2019). The role of the endophytic microbiome in the grapevine response to environmental trig-gers. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1256. CrossRef
Rani, S, Kumar, P., Dahiya, P., Maheshwari, R ;, Dang ,A., S & Suneja, P. (2022). Endophytism: A multidimen-sional approach to plant–prokaryotic microbe in-teraction. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 861235. CrossRef
Rojas-Tapias, D., Moreno-Galván, A., Pardo-Díaz, S., Obando, M., Rivera, D., & Bonilla R. (2012). Effect of inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacte-ria (PGPB) on amelioration of saline stress in maize (Zea mays). Applied Soil Ecology, 61, 264– 272. CrossRef
Rovida, A.F.D.S., Costa, G., Santos, M.I., Silva, C.R., Freitas, P.N.N., Oliveira, E.P., Pileggi, S.A.V., Olchanheski, R.L., & Pileggi, M. (2021). Herbicides tolerance in a Pseudomonas strain is associated with metabolic plasticity of antioxidative enzymes regardless of selection. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 673211. CrossRef
Shahid, M., & SaghirKhan, M. (2022). Tolerance of pesti-cides and antibiotics among beneficial soil mi-crobes recovered from contaminated rhizosphere of edible crops. Current Research in Microbial Sci-ences, 3, 100091. CrossRef
Shahid, M., Hameed, S., Tariq, M., Zafar, M., Ali, A., & Ah-med, N. (2015). Characterization of mineral phos-phate-solubilizing bacteria for enhanced sunflow-er growth and yield-attributing traits. Annals of Microbiology, 65, 1525–1536. CrossRef
Shahid, M.S., Manoharadas, M., Altaf, M., & Alrefaei, A.F. (2021). Organochlorine pesticides negatively in-fluenced the cellular growth, morphostructure, cell viability, and biofilm-formation and phos-phate-solubilization activities of Enterobacter clo-acae strain EAM 35. ACS Omega, 6(8), 5548-5559. CrossRef
Singh, P., Kumar, V., & Agrawal, S. (2014). Evaluation of phytase producing bacteria for their plant growth promoting activities. International Journal of Mi-crobiology, 426483. CrossRef
Soad, A., Algam, X.G., & Jef, C. (2005). Delivery methods for introducing endophytic Bacillus into tomato and their effect on growth promotion and sup-pression of tomato wilt. Plant Pathology Journal, 4, 69-74. CrossRef
Sondang, Y., Siregar, R., & Anty, K. (2021). Identification of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the experimental field at Paya-kumbuh State Agriculture Polytechnic, West Su-matra, Indonesia. IOP Conferences Series: Envi-ronmental Earth Sciences, 883, 012085. CrossRef
Srivastava, N., Bhandari, V., & Bhatt, A.B. (2014). PGPR Isolated from rhizospheric soil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in Garhwal Himalaya. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2(1), 100-108. Direct Link.
Strassemeyer, J., Daehmlow, D., Dominic, A., Lorenz, S., & Golla, B. (2017). SYNOPS-WEB, an online tool for environmental risk assessment to evaluate pesti-cide strategies on field level. Crop Protection, 97, 28–44. CrossRef
Toghueo, R.M.K., Zabalgogeazcoa, I., Vázquez de Al-danab, B.R., & Boyoma, F.F. (2017). Enzymatic ac-tivity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants Terminalia catappa, Terminalia an-taly and Cananga odorata. South African Journal of Botany, 109, 146–53. CrossRef
Tripathi, V.C., Satish, S., Horam, S., Raj, S., Arockiaraj, J., Pasupuleti, M., & Dikshit, D.K. (2018). Natural products from polar organisms: structural diversi-ty, bioactivities and potential pharmaceutical ap-plications. Polar Science, 18, 147–166. CrossRef
Zhang, Q., Acuña, J.J., Inostroza, N.G., María Luz Mo-ra, Sergio Radic, Michael J. Sadowsky & Milko, A. (2019). Jorquera, endophytic bacterial communi-ties associated with roots and leaves of plants growing in chilean extreme environ-ments. Scientific Reports, 9, 4950. CrossRef.