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Abstract
Several fungal pathogens showed resistance against pesticides, plant mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles have been recognized as effective against them. The present research work was an attempt to synthesize silver nanoparticles by using fleshy stem and leaves ex-tract of Brassica compestris L. from silver nitrate, which reduces it to synthesized silver nanoparticles. Biosynthesized AgNP’s were char-acterized by different techniques like UV-visible spectrophotometry and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and fungal inhibi-tory activity by well diffusion method. The colour change of solution indicated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. UV-visible spectro-photometer showed the peak between 415 to 455 nm for fleshy stem and leaves extract of B. compestris and Field Emission Scanning Elec-tron Microscope analysis revealed that spherical shaped nanoparti-cles with size 20-65 nm. These synthesized nanoparticles showed in-hibitory activity against fungi, Alternaria lini, a linseed blight patho-gen which causes linseed blight disease in Linum usitatissimum L. The 30 μl concentrations of silver nanoparticles had showed significant inhibition to growth of A. lini. These findings may suggest AgNP’s syn-thesized by B. compestris used against plant pathogenic fungi.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Shah, S. A. H. (2020). Effect of silver nanoparticles, synthesized from fleshy stem and leaves extract of Brassica campestris L., on Alternari lini inhibition. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 1(2), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.01.02.06
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Sivaranjani, K., & Meenakshisundaram, M. (2013). Bio-logical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Oci-mum basillicum leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity. International Research Journal of Phar-macy, 4 (1), 225–229. https://irjponline.com/ad-min/php/uploads/1602_pdf.pdf
Thilagam, M., Tamilselvi, A., Chandrasekeran, B., & Rose, C. (2013). Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal and dye yielding plant of Bixa orel-lana L. leaf extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation, 2(4), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.02441
Ansari, R., Zarshenas, M. M., & Dadbakhsh, A. H. (2019). A review on pharmacological and clinical aspects of Linum usitatissimum L. Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 16 (2), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163815666180521101136
Asghar, M. A., Zahir, E., Shahid, S. M., Khan, M. N., Asghar, M. A., Iqbal, J., & Walker, G. (2018). Iron, copper and silver nanoparticles: Green synthesis using green and black tea leaves extracts and evaluation of anti-bacterial, antifungal and aflatoxin B1 adsorption ac-tivity. LWT, 90, 98–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.009
Asha S., Asha A., & Rajeshkumar S. (2017). Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial ac-tivity of silver nanoparticle synthesized Ipomoea nil agains selected pathogens. Asian Journal of Pharma-ceutical and Clinical Research, 10(3), 183. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.15986
Dzul-Erosa, M. S., Cauich-Díaz, M. M., Razo-Lazcano, T. A., Avila-Rodriguez, M., Reyes-Aguilera, J. A., & Gonzá-lez-Muñoz, M. P. (2018). Aqueous leaf extracts of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mayan chaya) cultivated in Yucatán México. Part II: Uses for the phytomedi-ated synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Materials Sci-ence and Engineering: C, 91 (8), 838–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.007
Erdogan, O., Abbak, M., Demirbolat, G. M., Birtekocak, F., Aksel, M., Pasa, S., & Cevik, O. (2019). Green synthe-sis of silver nanoparticles via Cynara scolymus leaf extracts: The characterization, anticancer potential with photodynamic therapy in MCF7 cells. PLOS ONE, 14 (6), Article e0216496. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216496
Gokak, I. B., & Taranath, T. C. (2014). Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Wattakaka volubilis (L. f.) Stapf. and their antibacterial activ-ity. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 3 (1), 93–99. http://www.ijset.net/journal/231.pdf
Iqbal, M., & Bakht, J. (2019). Phytosynthesis of silver na-noparticles from A. jacquemontii extract, their characterization and antimicrobial potential. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(5), 1853-1857. https://doi.org/10.30848/pjb2019-5(37)
Kharat, S. N., & Mendhulkar, V. D. (2016). “Synthesis, characterization and studies on antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles using Elephantopus scaber leaf extract.” Materials Science and Engineering: C, 62(1), 719–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.024
Khatami, M., Sharifi, I., Nobre, M. A. L., Zafarnia, N., & Afla-toonian, M. R. (2018). Waste-grass-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial activ-ity. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 11(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1444797
Mariselvam, R., Ranjitsingh, A. J. A., Usha Raja Nanthini, A., Kalirajan, K., Padmalatha, C., & Mosae Selva-kumar, P. (2014). Green synthesis of silver nano-particles from the extract of the inflorescence of Cocos nucifera (Family: Arecaceae) for enhanced antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 129, 537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.066
Menon, S., Agarwal, H., Kumar, S. R., & Kumar, S. V. (2017). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles us-ing medicinal plant Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its application as an antioxidant and antimicro-bial agent against foodborne pathogens. Interna-tional Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 9(5), 42. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i5.19464
Nadworny, P. L., Wang, J., Tredget, E. E., & Burrell, R. E. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activity of nanocrystal-line silver-derived solutions in porcine contact der-matitis. Journal of Inflammation, 7(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-7-13
Patil, M. P., & Kim, G.-D. (2016). Eco-friendly approach for nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism behind antibacterial activity of silver and anticancer activ-ity of gold nanoparticles. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-8012-8
Perez, C., Pauli, M., & Bazerque, P. (1990). An antibiotic assay by agar well diffusion method. Acta Biologiae et Medicinae Experimentalis, 15, 113–115.
Prabhu, S., & Poulose, E. K. (2012). Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. Interna-tional Nano Letters, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-2-32
Raja, A., Ashokkumar, S., Pavithra Marthandam, R., Jaya-chandiran, J., Khatiwada, C. P., Kaviyarasu, K., Ga-napathi Raman, R., & Swaminathan, M. (2018). Eco-friendly preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles us-ing Tabernaemontana divaricata and its photocata-lytic and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Photo-chemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 181, 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.011
Ravichandran, V., Sumitha, S., Vasanthi, S., Shalini, S., Chinni, S., B. Gopinath, S., Kathiresan, S., & Anbu, P. (2019). Durio zibethinus rind extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characteri-zation and biomedical applications. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 15 (60), 52. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_400_18
Rogers, J. V., Parkinson, C. V., Choi, Y. W., Speshock, J. L., & Hussain, S. M. (2008). A preliminary assessment of silver nanoparticle inhibition of monkeypox virus plaque formation. Nanoscale Research Letters, 3(4), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-008-9128-2
Savithramma, & Rao, L. (2011). Antifungal efficacy of sil-ver nanoparticles synthesized from the medicinal plants. Der Pharma Chemica, 3(3), 364–372. https://www.derpharmachemica.com/pharma-chemica/antifungal-efficacy-of-silver-nanoparti-cles-synthesized-from-themedicinal-plants.pdf
Shanmuganathan, R., MubarakAli, D., Prabakar, D., Mu-thukumar, H., Thajuddin, N., Kumar, S. S., & Puga-zhendhi, A. (2017). An enhancement of antimicro-bial efficacy of biogenic and ceftriaxone-conjugated silver nanoparticles: green approach. Environmen-tal Science and Pollution Research, 25(11), 10362–10370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9367-9
Singh, H. K., Singh, R. B., & Parmar, A. (2014). Yield loss assessment due to alternaria blight and its manage-ment in linseed. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci-ences, 17 (4), 511–516. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.511.516
Sivakumar, T., Rathimeena, T., Thangapandian, V., & Shankar, T. (2015). Silver nanoparticles synthesis of Mentha arvensis extracts and evaluation of anti-oxidant properties. Bioscience and Bioengineer-ing, 1(2), 22–28. http://files.aiscience.org/jour-nal/article/pdf/70010022.pdf
Sivaranjani, K., & Meenakshisundaram, M. (2013). Bio-logical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Oci-mum basillicum leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity. International Research Journal of Phar-macy, 4 (1), 225–229. https://irjponline.com/ad-min/php/uploads/1602_pdf.pdf
Thilagam, M., Tamilselvi, A., Chandrasekeran, B., & Rose, C. (2013). Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal and dye yielding plant of Bixa orel-lana L. leaf extract. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation, 2(4), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.02441