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Feb 16, 2024
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Abstract
The fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. is extensively consumed in Arabian countries and is esteemed for its nutritional attributes, boasting high carbohydrate content and specific vitamins. This study aims to assess the antioxidant potential of polysaccharide extracts from the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from two selected cultivars, Tazerzait “Azerza” and Deglet-Nour, originating from the Ghardaia region. Crude polysaccharides were extracted from the dates using distilled water followed by ethanol precipitation. Yields from this process were 3.14% for the Tazerzait cultivar and 4.75% for the Deglet-Nour cultivar, indicative of significant polysaccharide content, known for their diverse health benefits. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro through DPPH and ABTS assays. Polysaccharide extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, notably the Tazerzait variety. In the DPPH assay, the Tazerzait extract displayed an IC50 value of 4.66 mg/mL, indicating effective scavenging of free radicals. Moreover, in the ABTS assay, the extract demonstrated even more potent activity, with an IC50 value of 0.49 mg/mL, underscoring its robust antioxidant properties. These results underscore the strong antioxidant potential of Tazerzait polysaccharides. Polysaccharide extracts from the date palm fruit, particularly from the Tazerzait cultivar, exhibit significant antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as natural antioxidants. This suggests avenues for their utilization in pharmaceutical and food industries to enhance human health.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Belhachemi, M. H., Belmir, S., Mebarek, M. O., Reffis, M., & Achour, F. Z. (2024). Evaluation of antioxidant activity in crude polysaccharide extracts from two date varieties (Tazerzait “Azerza” and Deglet-Nour). Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 5(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.05.01.06
References
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Belmir, S., Boucherit, K., Boucherit-Otmani, Z., & Belhachemi, M.-H. (2016). Effect of aqueous ex-tract of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on therapeutic index of amphotericin B. Phytothérapie, 14(2), 97-101. CrossRef
Boudries, H., Kefalas, P., & Hornero-Méndez, D. (2007). Carotenoid composition of Algerian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera) at different edible maturation stages. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1372-1377. CrossRef
Carvalho, N. C. C., Monteiro, O. S., da Rocha, C. Q., Longato, G. B., Smith, R. E., da Silva, J. K. R., & Maia, J. G. S. (2022). Phytochemical Analysis of the Fruit Pulp Extracts from Annona cras-siflora Mart. and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Foods, 11(14), 2079. CrossRef
Do, Q. D., Angkawijaya, A. E., Tran-Nguyen, P. L., Huynh, L. H., Soetaredjo, F. E., Ismadji, S., & Ju, Y.-H. (2014). Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(3), 296-302. CrossRef
Dontha, S. (2016). A review on antioxidant methods. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res, 9(2), 14-32. Cross-Ref
Fan, H., Meng, Q., Xiao, T., & Zhang, L. (2018). Partial characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from Dendrobium officinale. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12, 1054-1064. CrossRef
Fernandes, P. A., & Coimbra, M. A. (2023). The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides: A struc-ture-function relationship overview. Carbohydrate Polymers, 120965. CrossRef
Giavasis, I. (2014). Bioactive fungal polysaccharides as potential functional ingredients in food and nutraceuticals. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 26, 162-173. CrossRef
Gulcin, İ., & Alwasel, S. H. (2023). DPPH radical scavenging assay. Processes, 11(8), 2248. Cross-Ref
Hafsa, M. B., Ismail, M. B., Garrab, M., Aly, R., Gagnon, J., & Naghmouchi, K. (2017). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anticholinesterase activities of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 82(5), 509-522. CrossRef
Huang, H., & Huang, G. (2020). Extraction, separation, modification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of plant polysaccharides. Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 96(5), 1209-1222. CrossRef
Ilyasov, I. R., Beloborodov, V. L., Selivanova, I. A., & Terekhov, R. P. (2020). ABTS/PP decoloriza-tion assay of antioxidant capacity reaction pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3), 1131. CrossRef
Ji, X., Peng, Q., Yuan, Y., Shen, J., Xie, X., & Wang, M. (2017). Isolation, structures and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.): A review. Food Chemistry, 227, 349-357. CrossRef
Krueger, R. R. (2021). Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Biology and Utilization. In The Date Palm Genome, Vol. 1 (pp. 3-28). Springer. CrossRef
Kurd, F., & Samavati, V. (2015). Water soluble polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis: Extrac-tion and in vitro anti-cancer activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 74, 498-506. CrossRef
Li, J., & Huang, G. (2021). Extraction, purification, separation, structure, derivatization and activi-ties of polysaccharide from Chinese date. Process Biochemistry, 110, 231-242. CrossRef
Liu, Y., Sun, Y., & Huang, G. (2018). Preparation and antioxidant activities of important tradition-al plant polysaccharides. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 111, 780-786. CrossRef
Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., & Kefalas, P. (2005). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chemistry, 89(3), 411-420. CrossRef
Martínez, C., Valenzuela, J. L., & Jamilena, M. (2021). Genetic and pre-and postharvest factors in-fluencing the content of antioxidants in cucurbit crops. Antioxidants, 10(6), 894. CrossRef
Miara, M. D., Teixidor-Toneu, I., Sahnoun, T., Bendif, H., & Hammou, M. A. (2019). Herbal reme-dies and traditional knowledge of the Tuareg community in the region of Illizi (Algerian Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments, 167, 65-73. CrossRef
Mohan, K., Muralisankar, T., Uthayakumar, V., Chandirasekar, R., Revathi, N., Ganesan, A. R., . . . Seedevi, P. (2020). Trends in the extraction, purification, characterisation and biological activities of polysaccharides from tropical and sub-tropical fruits–A comprehensive re-view. Carbohydrate Polymers, 238, 116185. CrossRef
Muhamad, I. I., Lazim, N. A. M., & Selvakumaran, S. (2019). Natural polysaccharide-based com-posites for drug delivery and biomedical applications. In Natural polysaccharides in drug delivery and biomedical applications (pp. 419-440). Elsevier. CrossRef
Munteanu, I. G., & Apetrei, C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activi-ty: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 3380. CrossRef
Nurcahyani, P. R., Hashimoto, S., & Matsumura, Y. (2020). Supercritical water gasification of mi-croalgae with and without oil extraction. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 165, 104936. CrossRef
Olawuyi, I. F., Kim, S. R., & Lee, W. Y. (2021). Application of plant mucilage polysaccharides and their techno-functional properties’ modification for fresh produce preservation. Carbo-hydrate Polymers, 272, 118371. CrossRef
Olszowy, M., & Dawidowicz, A. L. (2018). Is it possible to use the DPPH and ABTS methods for reliable estimation of antioxidant power of colored compounds? Chemical Papers, 72(2), 393-400. CrossRef
Pérez, A., Blázquez, G., Iáñez-Rodríguez, I., Osegueda, O., & Calero, M. (2018). Optimization of the sugar hydrothermal extraction process from olive cake using neuro-fuzzy models. Biore-source Technology, 268, 81-90. CrossRef
Plaza, M., & Turner, C. (2015). Pressurized hot water extraction of bioactives. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71, 39-54. CrossRef
Rebaya, A., Belghith, S. I., Baghdikian, B., Leddet, V. M., Mabrouki, F., Olivier, E., . . . Ayadi, M. T. (2015). Total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin content, and antioxidant capacity of Halimium halimifolium (Cistaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(1), 052-057. CrossRef
Shi, L. (2016). Bioactivities, isolation and purification methods of polysaccharides from natural products: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 92, 37-48. Cross-Ref
Sridhar, K., & Charles, A. L. (2019). In vitro antioxidant activity of Kyoho grape extracts in DPPH and ABTS assays: Estimation methods for EC50 using advanced statistical programs. Food Chemistry, 275, 41-49. CrossRef
Teo, C. C., Tan, S. N., Yong, J. W. H., Hew, C. S., & Ong, E. S. (2010). Pressurized hot water extrac-tion (PHWE). Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(16), 2484-2494. CrossRef
Venkatesan, M., Arumugam, V., Pugalendi, R., Ramachandran, K., Sengodan, K., Vijayan, S. R., . . . Pugazhendhi, A. (2019). Antioxidant, anticoagulant and mosquitocidal properties of wa-ter soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) from Indian seaweeds. Process Biochemistry, 84, 196-204. CrossRef
Wang, J., Hu, S., Nie, S., Yu, Q., & Xie, M. (2016). Reviews on mechanisms of in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016. CrossRef
Altemimi, A., Lakhssassi, N., Baharlouei, A., Watson, D. G., & Lightfoot, D. A. (2017). Phytochemi-cals: Extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants, 6(4), 42. CrossRef
Alvi, T., Khan, M. K. I., Maan, A. A., & Razzaq, Z. U. (2022). Date fruit as a promising source of functional carbohydrates and bioactive compounds: A review on its nutraceutical poten-tial. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 46(9), e14325. CrossRef
Belmir, S., Boucherit, K., Boucherit-Otmani, Z., & Belhachemi, M.-H. (2016). Effect of aqueous ex-tract of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on therapeutic index of amphotericin B. Phytothérapie, 14(2), 97-101. CrossRef
Boudries, H., Kefalas, P., & Hornero-Méndez, D. (2007). Carotenoid composition of Algerian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera) at different edible maturation stages. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1372-1377. CrossRef
Carvalho, N. C. C., Monteiro, O. S., da Rocha, C. Q., Longato, G. B., Smith, R. E., da Silva, J. K. R., & Maia, J. G. S. (2022). Phytochemical Analysis of the Fruit Pulp Extracts from Annona cras-siflora Mart. and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Foods, 11(14), 2079. CrossRef
Do, Q. D., Angkawijaya, A. E., Tran-Nguyen, P. L., Huynh, L. H., Soetaredjo, F. E., Ismadji, S., & Ju, Y.-H. (2014). Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(3), 296-302. CrossRef
Dontha, S. (2016). A review on antioxidant methods. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res, 9(2), 14-32. Cross-Ref
Fan, H., Meng, Q., Xiao, T., & Zhang, L. (2018). Partial characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from Dendrobium officinale. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12, 1054-1064. CrossRef
Fernandes, P. A., & Coimbra, M. A. (2023). The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides: A struc-ture-function relationship overview. Carbohydrate Polymers, 120965. CrossRef
Giavasis, I. (2014). Bioactive fungal polysaccharides as potential functional ingredients in food and nutraceuticals. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 26, 162-173. CrossRef
Gulcin, İ., & Alwasel, S. H. (2023). DPPH radical scavenging assay. Processes, 11(8), 2248. Cross-Ref
Hafsa, M. B., Ismail, M. B., Garrab, M., Aly, R., Gagnon, J., & Naghmouchi, K. (2017). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anticholinesterase activities of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 82(5), 509-522. CrossRef
Huang, H., & Huang, G. (2020). Extraction, separation, modification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of plant polysaccharides. Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 96(5), 1209-1222. CrossRef
Ilyasov, I. R., Beloborodov, V. L., Selivanova, I. A., & Terekhov, R. P. (2020). ABTS/PP decoloriza-tion assay of antioxidant capacity reaction pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3), 1131. CrossRef
Ji, X., Peng, Q., Yuan, Y., Shen, J., Xie, X., & Wang, M. (2017). Isolation, structures and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.): A review. Food Chemistry, 227, 349-357. CrossRef
Krueger, R. R. (2021). Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Biology and Utilization. In The Date Palm Genome, Vol. 1 (pp. 3-28). Springer. CrossRef
Kurd, F., & Samavati, V. (2015). Water soluble polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis: Extrac-tion and in vitro anti-cancer activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 74, 498-506. CrossRef
Li, J., & Huang, G. (2021). Extraction, purification, separation, structure, derivatization and activi-ties of polysaccharide from Chinese date. Process Biochemistry, 110, 231-242. CrossRef
Liu, Y., Sun, Y., & Huang, G. (2018). Preparation and antioxidant activities of important tradition-al plant polysaccharides. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 111, 780-786. CrossRef
Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., & Kefalas, P. (2005). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chemistry, 89(3), 411-420. CrossRef
Martínez, C., Valenzuela, J. L., & Jamilena, M. (2021). Genetic and pre-and postharvest factors in-fluencing the content of antioxidants in cucurbit crops. Antioxidants, 10(6), 894. CrossRef
Miara, M. D., Teixidor-Toneu, I., Sahnoun, T., Bendif, H., & Hammou, M. A. (2019). Herbal reme-dies and traditional knowledge of the Tuareg community in the region of Illizi (Algerian Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments, 167, 65-73. CrossRef
Mohan, K., Muralisankar, T., Uthayakumar, V., Chandirasekar, R., Revathi, N., Ganesan, A. R., . . . Seedevi, P. (2020). Trends in the extraction, purification, characterisation and biological activities of polysaccharides from tropical and sub-tropical fruits–A comprehensive re-view. Carbohydrate Polymers, 238, 116185. CrossRef
Muhamad, I. I., Lazim, N. A. M., & Selvakumaran, S. (2019). Natural polysaccharide-based com-posites for drug delivery and biomedical applications. In Natural polysaccharides in drug delivery and biomedical applications (pp. 419-440). Elsevier. CrossRef
Munteanu, I. G., & Apetrei, C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activi-ty: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 3380. CrossRef
Nurcahyani, P. R., Hashimoto, S., & Matsumura, Y. (2020). Supercritical water gasification of mi-croalgae with and without oil extraction. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 165, 104936. CrossRef
Olawuyi, I. F., Kim, S. R., & Lee, W. Y. (2021). Application of plant mucilage polysaccharides and their techno-functional properties’ modification for fresh produce preservation. Carbo-hydrate Polymers, 272, 118371. CrossRef
Olszowy, M., & Dawidowicz, A. L. (2018). Is it possible to use the DPPH and ABTS methods for reliable estimation of antioxidant power of colored compounds? Chemical Papers, 72(2), 393-400. CrossRef
Pérez, A., Blázquez, G., Iáñez-Rodríguez, I., Osegueda, O., & Calero, M. (2018). Optimization of the sugar hydrothermal extraction process from olive cake using neuro-fuzzy models. Biore-source Technology, 268, 81-90. CrossRef
Plaza, M., & Turner, C. (2015). Pressurized hot water extraction of bioactives. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71, 39-54. CrossRef
Rebaya, A., Belghith, S. I., Baghdikian, B., Leddet, V. M., Mabrouki, F., Olivier, E., . . . Ayadi, M. T. (2015). Total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin content, and antioxidant capacity of Halimium halimifolium (Cistaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(1), 052-057. CrossRef
Shi, L. (2016). Bioactivities, isolation and purification methods of polysaccharides from natural products: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 92, 37-48. Cross-Ref
Sridhar, K., & Charles, A. L. (2019). In vitro antioxidant activity of Kyoho grape extracts in DPPH and ABTS assays: Estimation methods for EC50 using advanced statistical programs. Food Chemistry, 275, 41-49. CrossRef
Teo, C. C., Tan, S. N., Yong, J. W. H., Hew, C. S., & Ong, E. S. (2010). Pressurized hot water extrac-tion (PHWE). Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(16), 2484-2494. CrossRef
Venkatesan, M., Arumugam, V., Pugalendi, R., Ramachandran, K., Sengodan, K., Vijayan, S. R., . . . Pugazhendhi, A. (2019). Antioxidant, anticoagulant and mosquitocidal properties of wa-ter soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) from Indian seaweeds. Process Biochemistry, 84, 196-204. CrossRef
Wang, J., Hu, S., Nie, S., Yu, Q., & Xie, M. (2016). Reviews on mechanisms of in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016. CrossRef